Analyzing Arguments

1.One New York publisher has estimated that 50,000 to 60,000 people in the United States want an anthology that includes the complete works of William Shakespeare. And what accounts for this renewed interest in Shakespeare? As scholars point out, his psychological insights into both male and female characters are amazing even today.This paragraph best supports the statement that

Shakespeare's characters are more interesting than fictional characters today. 

people even today are interested in Shakespeare's work because of the characters.

academic scholars are putting together an anthology of Shakespeare's work. 

New Yorkers have a renewed interested in the work of Shakespeare.

2.One of the warmest winters on record has put consumers in the mood to spend money. Spending is likely to be the strongest in thirteen years. During the month of February, sales of existing single-family homes hit an annual record rate of 4.75 million.This paragraph best supports the statement that

consumer spending will be higher thirteen years from now than it is today. 

more people buy houses in the month of February than in any other month.

during the winter months, the prices of single-family homes are the lowest. 

warm winter weather is likely to affect the rate of home sales

3. Generation Xers are those people born roughly between 1965 and 1981. As employees, Generation Xers tend to be more challenged when they can carry out tasks independently. This makes Generation Xers the most entrepreneurial generation in history.This paragraph best supports the statement that Generation Xers

work harder than people from other generations. 

have a tendency to be self-directed workers

have an interest in making history 

tend to work in jobs that require risk-taking behavior.

4. If you're a fitness walker, there is no need for a commute to a health club. Your neighborhood can be your health club. You don't need a lot of fancy equipment to get a good workout either. All you need is a well-designed pair of athletic shoes.This paragraph best supports the statement that

fitness walking is a better form of exercise than weight lifting. a membership in a health club is a poor investment. 

walking outdoors provides a better workout than walking indoors.

fitness walking is a convenient and valuable form of exercise.

5. The criminal justice system needs to change. The system could be more just if it allowed victims the opportunity to confront the person who has harmed them. Also, mediation between victims and their offenders would give the offenders a chance to apologize for the harm they have done This paragraph best supports the statement that victims of a crime should

learn to forgive their offenders. 

have the right to confront their offenders.

learn the art of mediation. 

insist that their offenders be punished.

Making Judgments

1.Eileen is planning a special birthday dinner for her husband's 35th birthday. She wants the evening to be memorable, but her husband is a simple man who would rather be in jeans at a baseball game than in a suit at a fancy restaurant. Which restaurant below should Eileen choose?

Alfredo's offers fine Italian cuisine and an elegant Tuscan decor. Patrons will feel as though they've spent the evening in a luxurious Italian villa.

Pancho's Mexican Buffet is an all-you-can-eat family style smorgasbord with the best tacos in town. 

The Parisian Bistro is a four-star French restaurant where guests are treated like royalty. Chef Dilbert Olay is famous for his beef bourguignon.

Marty's serves delicious, hearty meals in a charming setting reminiscent of a baseball clubhouse in honor of the owner,Marty Lester, a former major league baseball all-star.

2.The film director wants an actress for the lead role of Lucy who perfectly fits the description that appears in the original screenplay. He is not willing to consider actresses who do not resemble the character as she is described in the screenplay, no matter how talented they are. The screenplay describes Lucy as an average-sized, forty something redhead, with deep brown eyes, very fair skin, and a brilliant smile. The casting agent has four actresses in mind. 

Actress #1 is a stunning red-haired beauty who is 5'9" and in her mid-twenties. Her eyes are brown and she has an olive complexion.

Actress #2 has red hair, big brown eyes, and a fair complexion. She is in her mid-forties and is 5'5".

Actress #3 is 5'4" and of medium build. She has red hair, brown eyes, and is in her early forties.

Actress #4 is a blue-eyed redhead in her early thirties. She's of very slight build and stands at 5'.

1, 2 2, 3 1, 4 2, 4

3. The school principal has received complaints from parents about bullying in the school yard during recess. He wants to investigate and end this situation as soon as possible, so he has asked the recess aides to watch closely. Which situation should the recess aides report to the principal?

A girl is sitting glumly on a bench reading a book and not interacting with her peers. Four girls are surrounding another girl and seem to have possession of her backpack. Two boys are playing a one-on-one game of basketball and are arguing over the last basket scored. Three boys are huddled over a handheld video game, which isn't supposed to be on school grounds.

4.Mrs. Carson took a taxi to meet her three friends for lunch. They were waiting for her outside the restaurant when she pulled up in the car. She was so excited to see her friends that she left her tote bag in the taxi. As the taxi pulled away, she and her friends took notice of the license plate number so they would be able to identify the car when they called the taxi company.

#1: The four women seem to agree that the plate starts out with the letter J.

#2: Three of them agree that the plate ends with 12L.

#3: Three of them think that the second letter is X, and a different three think that the third letter is K.

The four license plate numbers below represent what each of the four women thinks she saw. Which one is most likely the license plate number of the taxi?

JXK 12L JYK 12L JXK 12I JXX 12L

5. Mark is working with a realtor to find a location for the toy store he plans to open in his town. He is looking for a place that is either in, or not too far from, the center of town and one that would attract the right kind of foot traffic. Which of the following locations should Mark's realtor call to his attention?

a storefront in a new high-rise building near the train station in the center of town whose occupants are mainly young, childless professionals who use the train to commute to their offices each day. 

a little shop three blocks away from the town's main street, located across the street from an elementary school and next door to an ice cream store

a stand-alone storefront on a quiet residential street ten blocks away from the town's center

a storefront in a small strip mall located on the outskirts of town that is also occupied by a pharmacy and a dry cleaner

Statement and Conclusion

1. Statements: 

In a one day cricket match, the total runs made by a team were 200. Out of these 160 runs were made by spinners. 

 Conclusions: 

 I. 80% of the team consists of spinners. 

II. The opening batsmen were spinners.

Only conclusion I follows Only conclusion II follows Either I or II follows Neither I nor II follows

2. Statements: The old order changed yielding place to new. Conclusions: 

I . Change is the law of nature. 

II. Discard old ideas because they are old.

Only conclusion I follows Only conclusion II follows Either I or II follows Neither I nor II follows

3.Statements: Government has spoiled many top ranking financial institutions by appointing bureaucrats as Directors of these institutions.

 Conclusions: 

I. Government should appoint Directors of the financial institutes taking into consideration the expertise of the person in the area of finance. 

II. The Director of the financial institute should have expertise commensurate with the financial work carried out by the institute.

Only conclusion II follows Only conclusion II follows Both I and II follow Neither I nor II follows

4. Statements: Population increase coupled with depleting resources is going to be the scenario of many developing countries in days to come. 

Conclusions:

I. The population of developing countries will not continue to increase in future.

II.  It will be very difficult for the governments of developing countries to provide its people decent quality of life.

Only conclusion I follows Only conclusion II follows Either I or II follows Both I and II follow

5.Statements: Prime age school-going children in urban India have now become avid as well as more regular viewers of television, even in households without a TV. As a result there has been an alarming decline in the extent of readership of newspapers. 

Conclusions: 

I. Method of increasing the readership of newspapers should be devised. 

II. A team of experts should be sent to other countries to study the impact of TV. on the readership of newspapers.

Only conclusion I follows Only conclusion II follows Neither I nor II follows Both I and II follow

Course of Action

 1.Statement: A large number of people in ward X of the city are diagnosed to be suffering from a fatal malaria type.

Courses of Action: 

I The city municipal authority should take immediate steps to carry out extensive fumigation in ward X. 

II The people in the area should be advised to take steps to avoid mosquito bites.

Only I follows Only II follows Neither I nor II follows Both I and II follow

2.Statement: Severe drought is reported to have set in several parts of the country. 

Courses of Action: 

 I Government should immediately make arrangement for providing financial assistance to those affected. 

II Food, water and fodder should immediately be sent to all these areas to save the people and cattle.

Only I follows Only II follows Either I or II follows Neither I nor II follows

3.Statement: Since its launching in 1981, Vayudoot has so far accumulated losses amounting to Rs 153 crore. 

Courses of Action: 

I Vayudoot should be directed to reduce wasteful expenditure and to increase passenger fare. 

II An amount of about Rs 300 crore should be provided to Vayudoot to make the airliner economically viable.

Only I follows Only II follows Either I or II follows Neither I nor II follows

4.Statement: Exporters in the capital are alleging that commercial banks are violating a Reserve Bank of India directive to operate a post shipment export credit denominated in foreign currency at international rates from January this year. 

 Courses of Action: 

 I. The officers concerned in the commercial banks are to be suspended. 

II. The RBI should be asked to stop giving such directives to commercial banks.

Only I follows Only II follows Either I or II follows Neither I nor II follows

5.Statement: A large number of people die every year due to drinking polluted water during the summer.

Courses of Action: 

I The government should make adequate arrangements to provide safe drinking water to all its citizens.

II The people should be educated about the dangers of drinking polluted water.

Only I follows Only II follows Both I and II follow Either I or II follows

Statement and Assumption

1.Statement: "You are hereby appointed as a programmer with a probation period of one year and your performance will be reviewed at the end of the period for confirmation." - A line in an appointment letter. 

Assumptions: 

I. The performance of an individual generally is not known at the time of appointment offer. 

II.Generally an individual tries to prove his worth in the probation period.

Only assumption I is implicit 

Only assumption II is implicit 

Either I or II is implicit 

Both I and II are implicit

2.Statement: It is desirable to put the child in school at the age of 5 or so. 

Assumptions: 

I.At that age the child reaches appropriate level of development and is ready to learn. 

II.The schools do not admit children after six years of age.

Only assumption I is implicit 

Only assumption II is implicit 

Either I or II is implicit 

Neither I nor II is implicit

3.Statement: "In order to bring punctuality in our office, we must provide conveyance allowance to our employees." - In charge of a company tells Personnel Manager. 

Assumptions:

 I.Conveyance allowance will not help in bringing punctuality. II.Discipline and reward should always go hand in hand.

Only assumption I is implicit 

Only assumption II is implicit 

Either I or II is implicit 

Neither I nor II is implicit

4.Statement: Unemployment allowance should be given to all unemployed Indian youth above 18 years of age. 

Assumptions:

 I.There are unemployed youth in India who needs monetary support. 

 II.The government has sufficient funds to provide allowance to all unemployed youth.

Only assumption I is implicit 

Only assumption II is implicit

Either I or II is implicit 

Neither I nor II is implicit

5.Statement: "If you trouble me, I will slap you." - A mother warns her child. 

Assumptions: 

 I.With the warning, the child may stop troubling her. 

 II.All children are basically naughty.

Only assumption I is implicit

Only assumption II is implicit

Either I or II is implicit 

Neither I or II is implicit

Analyzing Arguments

1. One New York publisher has estimated that 50,000 to 60,000 people in the United States want an anthology that includes the complete works of William Shakespeare. And what accounts for this renewed interest in Shakespeare? As scholars point out, his psychological insights into both male and female characters are amazing even today.

Shakespeare's characters are more interesting than fictional characters today. 

people even today are interested in Shakespeare's work because of the characters. 

academic scholars are putting together an anthology of Shakespeare's work. 

New Yorkers have a renewed interested in the work of Shakespeare.

2.One of the warmest winters on record has put consumers in the mood to spend money. Spending is likely to be the strongest in thirteen years. During the month of February, sales of existing single-family homes hit an annual record rate of 4.75 million. This paragraph best supports the statement that

consumer spending will be higher thirteen years from now than it is today. 

warm winter weather is likely to affect the rate of home sales. more people buy houses in the month of February than in any other month. 

during the winter months, the prices of single-family homes are the lowest.

3.Generation Xers are those people born roughly between 1965 and 1981. As employees, Generation Xers tend to be more challenged when they can carry out tasks independently. This makes Generation Xers the most entrepreneurial generation in history. This paragraph best supports the statement that Generation Xers

work harder than people from other generations.

have a tendency to be self-directed workers 

have an interest in making history 

tend to work in jobs that require risk-taking behavior.

Logical Aptitude Questions and Answer

1.The Kingston Mall has more stores than the Galleria. 

The Four Corners Mall has fewer stores than the Galleria. 

The Kingston Mall has more stores than the Four Corners Mall.

 If the first two statements are true, the third statement is

true false uncertain 

2. All the tulips in Zoe's garden are white. 

All the pansies in Zoe's garden are yellow. 

All the flowers in Zoe's garden are either white or yellow 

If the first two statements are true, the third statement is

true false uncertain 

3.During the past year, Josh saw more movies than Stephen. Stephen saw fewer movies than Darren. 

Darren saw more movies than Josh.

 If the first two statements are true, the third statement is

true false uncertain 

4.Rover weighs less than Fido. 

Rover weighs more than Boomer. 

Of the three dogs, Boomer weighs the least.

If the first two statements are true, the third statement is

true false uncertain 

5.All the offices on the 9th floor have wall-to-wall carpeting. 

No wall-to-wall carpeting is pink. 

None of the offices on the 9th floor has pink wall-to-wall carpeting. 

If the first two statements are true, the third statement is

true false uncertain 

Logical Problems

1.Tanya is older than Eric.

 Cliff is older than Tanya.

 Eric is older than Cliff. 

If the first two statements are true, the third statement is

true false uncertain

2.Blueberries cost more than strawberries.

 Blueberries cost less than raspberries. 

Raspberries cost more than strawberries and blueberries. 

If the first two statements are true, the third statement is

true false uncertain

3.All the trees in the park are flowering trees.

Lily runs faster than Mara

 Gail runs faster than Lily.

 If the first two statements are true, the third statement is

true false uncertain

4.Mara runs faster than Gail. 

Lily runs faster than Mara. 

Gail runs faster than Lily. 

If the first two statements are true, the third statement is

true false uncertain

5.Apartments in the Riverdale Manor cost less than apartments in The Gaslight Commons. 

Apartments in the Livingston Gate cost more than apartments in the The Gaslight Commons. 

Of the three apartment buildings, the Livingston Gate costs the most. 

If the first two statements are true, the third statement is

true false uncertain

Verbal Reasoning

1.Vincent has a paper route. Each morning, he delivers 37 newspapers to customers in his neighborhood. It takes Vincent 50 minutes to deliver all the papers. If Vincent is sick or has other plans, his friend Thomas, who lives on the same street, will sometimes deliver the papers for him.

Vincent and Thomas live in the same neighborhood 

It takes Thomas more than 50 minutes to deliver the papers

It is dark outside when Vincent begins his deliveries. 

Thomas would like to have his own paper route.

2.The Pacific yew is an evergreen tree that grows in the Pacific Northwest. The Pacific yew has a fleshy, poisonous fruit. Recently, taxol, a substance found in the bark of the Pacific yew, was discovered to be a promising new anticancer drug.

Taxol is poisonous when taken by healthy people.

Taxol has cured people from various diseases. 

People should not eat the fruit of the Pacific yew. 

The Pacific yew was considered worthless until taxol was discovered.

3.Erin is twelve years old. For three years, she has been asking her parents for a dog. Her parents have told her that they believe a dog would not be happy in an apartment, but they have given her permission to have a bird. Erin has not yet decided what kind of bird she would like to have.

Erin's parents like birds better than they like dogs. 

Erin does not like birds.

Erin and her parents live in an apartment. 

Erin and her parents would like to move.

4.Tim's commute never bothered him because there were always seats available on the train and he was able to spend his 40 minutes comfortably reading the newspaper or catching up on paperwork. Ever since the train schedule changed, the train has been extremely crowded, and by the time the doors open at his station, there isn't a seat to be found.

Tim would be better off taking the bus to work.

Tim's commute is less comfortable since the train schedule changed. 

Many commuters will complain about the new train schedule. 

Tim will likely look for a new job closer to home.

5.When they heard news of the hurricane, Maya and Julian decided to change their vacation plans. Instead of traveling to the island beach resort, they booked a room at a fancy new spa in the mountains. Their plans were a bit more expensive, but they'd heard wonderful things about the spa and they were relieved to find availability on such short notice.

Maya and Julian take beach vacations every year. 

The spa is overpriced.

It is usually necessary to book at least six months in advance at the spa.

Maya and Julian decided to change their vacation plans because of the hurricane.

Making Judgments

1.Eileen is planning a special birthday dinner for her husband's 35th birthday. She wants the evening to be memorable, but her husband is a simple man who would rather be in jeans at a baseball game than in a suit at a fancy restaurant. Which restaurant below should Eileen choose?

Alfredo's offers fine Italian cuisine and an elegant Tuscan decor. Patrons will feel as though they've spent the evening in a luxurious Italian villa.

Pancho's Mexican Buffet is an all-you-can-eat family style smorgasbord with the best tacos in town

The Parisian Bistro is a four-star French restaurant where guests are treated like royalty. Chef Dilbert Olay is famous for his beef bourguignon.

Marty's serves delicious, hearty meals in a charming setting reminiscent of a baseball clubhouse in honor of the owner,Marty Lester, a former major league baseball all-star

2.The film director wants an actress for the lead role of Lucy who perfectly fits the description that appears in the original screenplay. He is not willing to consider actresses who do not resemble the character as she is described in the screenplay, no matter how talented they are. The screenplay describes Lucy as an average-sized, forty something redhead, with deep brown eyes, very fair skin, and a brilliant smile. The casting agent has four actresses in mind. 

 Actress #1 is a stunning red-haired beauty who is 5'9" and in her mid-twenties. Her eyes are brown and she has an olive complexion.

Actress #2 has red hair, big brown eyes, and a fair complexion. She is in her mid-forties and is 5'5".

Actress #3 is 5'4" and of medium build. She has red hair, brown eyes, and is in her early forties.

Actress #4 is a blue-eyed redhead in her early thirties. She's of very slight build and stands at 5'.

1, 2 2, 3 1, 4 2, 4

3.The school principal has received complaints from parents about bullying in the school yard during recess. He wants to investigate and end this situation as soon as possible, so he has asked the recess aides to watch closely. Which situation should the recess aides report to the principal?

A girl is sitting glumly on a bench reading a book and not interacting with her peers. 

Four girls are surrounding another girl and seem to have possession of her backpack.

Two boys are playing a one-on-one game of basketball and are arguing over the last basket scored. 

Three boys are huddled over a handheld video game, which isn't supposed to be on school grounds.

Matching Definitions

1. Applying for Seasonal Employment occurs when a person requests to be considered for a job that is dependent on a particular season or time of year. Which situation below is the best example of Applying for Seasonal Employment?

The ski instructors at Top of the Peak Ski School work from December through March.

Matthew prefers jobs that allow him to work outdoors. 

Lucinda makes an appointment with the beach resort restaurant manager to interview for the summer waitressing position that was advertised in the newspaper. 

Doug's ice cream shop stays open until 11 p.m. during the summer months.

2.Violating an Apartment Lease occurs when a tenant does something prohibited by the legally binding document that he or she has signed with a landlord. Which situation below is the best example of Violating an Apartment Lease?

Tim has decided to move to another city, so he calls his landlord to tell him that he is not interested in renewing his lease when it expires next month. 

Valerie recently lost her job and, for the last three months, has neglected to pay her landlord the monthly rent they agreed upon in writing when she moved into her apartment eight months ago. 

Mark writes a letter to his landlord that lists numerous complaints about the apartment he has agreed to rent for two years. 

Leslie thinks that her landlord is neglecting the building in which she rents an apartment. She calls her attorney to ask for advice.

3.An Informal Gathering occurs when a group of people get together in a casual, relaxed manner. Which situation below is the best example of an Informal Gathering?

The book club meets on the first Thursday evening of every month. After finding out about his promotion, Jeremy and a few coworkers decide to go out for a quick drink after work. Mary sends out 25 invitations for the bridal shower she is giving for her sister. Whenever she eats at the Mexican restaurant, Clara seems to run into Peter.

4.People speculate when they consider a situation and assume something to be true based on inconclusive evidence. Which situation below is the best example of Speculation ?

Francine decides that it would be appropriate to wear jeans to her new office on Friday after reading about "Casual Fridays" in her employee handbook. 

Mary spends thirty minutes sitting in traffic and wishes that she took the train instead of driving. 

After consulting several guidebooks and her travel agent, Jennifer feels confident that the hotel she has chosen is first-rate. 

When Emily opens the door in tears, Theo guesses that she's had a death in her family.

5.Posthumous Publication occurs when a book is published after the author's death. Which situation below is the best example of Posthumous Publication ?

Richard's illness took his life before he was able to enjoy the amazing early reviews of his novel. 

Melissa's publisher cancels her book contract after she fails to deliver the manuscript on time. 

Clarence never thought he'd live to see the third book in his trilogy published.

Elizabeth is honored with a prestigious literary award for her writing career and her daughter accepts the award on behalf of her deceased mother.

Logical Games

Directions to Solve

Read the below passage carefully and answer the questions:

The government of an island nation is in the process of deciding how to spend its limited income. It has $7 million left in its budget and eight programs to choose among. There is no provision in the constitution to have a surplus, and each program has requested the minimum amount they need; in other words, no program may be partially funded. The programs and their funding requests are:

* Hurricane preparedness: $2.5 million

* Harbor improvements: $1 million

* School music program: $0.5 million

* Senate office building remodeling: $1.5 million

* Agricultural subsidy program: $2 million

* National radio: $0.5 million

* Small business loan program: $3 million

* International airport: $4 million

1.Senators from urban areas are very concerned about assuring that there will be funding for a new international airport. Senators from rural areas refuse to fund anything until money for agricultural subsidies is appropriated. If the legislature funds these two programs, on which of the following could they spend the rest of the money?

the school music program and national radio 

hurricane preparedness 

harbor improvements and the school music program

small business loan program

2. If the legislature decides to fund the agricultural subsidy program, national radio, and the small business loan program, what two other programs could they fund?

harbor improvements and international airport

harbor improvements and school music program 

hurricane preparedness and school music program

hurricane preparedness and international airport

3.If the legislature decides to fund the agricultural subsidy program, national radio, and the small business loan program, the only other single program that can be funded is

hurricane preparedness. 

harbor improvements. 

school music program.

senate office building remodeling.