Data Structures

1. What is data structure?
   A data structure is a way of organizing data that considers not only the items stored, but also their relationship to each other. Advance knowledge about the relationship between data items allows designing of efficient algorithms for the manipulation of data.
2. List out the areas in which data structures are applied extensively?
   1. Compiler Design,
   2. Operating System,
   3. Database Management System,
   4. Statistical analysis package,
   5. Numerical Analysis,
   6. Graphics,
   7. Artificial Intelligence,
   8. Simulation
3. What are the major data structures used in the following areas : RDBMS, Network data model and Hierarchical data model.
   1. RDBMS = Array (i.e. Array of structures)
   2. Network data model = Graph
   3. Hierarchical data model = Trees

Advanced Java

1. What is a transient variable?
   A transient variable is a variable that may not be serialized.
2. Which containers use a border Layout as their default layout?
   The Window, Frame and Dialog classes use a border layout as their default layout.
3. Why do threads block on I/O?
   Threads block on I/O (that is enters the waiting state) so that other threads may execute while the I/O Operation is performed.
   

Operating Systems

1. Explain the concept of Reentrancy?
   It is a useful, memory-saving technique for multiprogrammed timesharing systems. A Reentrant Procedure is one in which multiple users can share a single copy of a program during the same period. Reentrancy has 2 key aspects: The program code cannot modify itself, and the local data for each user process must be stored separately. Thus, the permanent part is the code, and the temporary part is the pointer back to the calling program and local variables used by that program. Each execution instance is called activation. It executes the code in the permanent part, but has its own copy of local variables/parameters. The temporary part associated with each activation is the activation record. Generally, the activation record is kept on the stack.

   Note: A reentrant procedure can be interrupted and called by an interrupting program, and still execute correctly on returning to the procedure.
2. Explain Belady's Anomaly?
   Also called FIFO anomaly. Usually, on increasing the number of frames allocated to a process virtual memory, the process execution is faster, because fewer page faults occur. Sometimes, the reverse happens, i.e., the execution time increases even when more frames are allocated to the process. This is Belady's Anomaly. This is true for certain page reference patterns.
3. What is a binary semaphore? What is its use?
   A binary semaphore is one, which takes only 0 and 1 as values. They are used to implement mutual exclusion and synchronize concurrent processes.

Interview Questions and Answers - DBMS

1. What are data and information, and how are they related in a database?
   Data is recorded facts and figures, and information is knowledge derived from data. A database stores data in such a way that information can be created.
2. What is Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP), and what kind of a database is used in an ERP application?
   Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) is an information system used in manufacturing companies and includes sales, inventory, production planning, purchasing and other business functions. An ERP system typically uses a multiuser database.
3. What is a DBMS?
   DBMS stands for Database Management System. A DBMS receives requests from applications and translates those requests into actions on a specific database. A DBMS processes SQL statements or uses other functionality to create, process and administer databases.
   

Computer Awareness

1.In computing, 1 nibble = ?

4 Bits 4 Bytes 8 Bytes 8 Kilo Bytes

2.Symantec is the maker of which among the following popular antivirus software?

Norton BitDefender Avast McAfee VirusScan

3.In the Windows XP, what does XP stands for?

Extra-Powerful Experience Extended Platform Experience Platform

4.Which among the following service does not belong to Google?

Youtube Blogger Picnik Xbox

5.Which among the following is NOT a web browser?

SpaceTime NeoPlanet Sputnik MeeGo

Traditional Drafting Techniques

1.A half-moon protractor is divided into how many degrees?

360 180 270 310

2.A line drawn with a long section, short dash, and another long section is a ________.

hidden feature center of a circle center axis of a hidden cylinder center of a radius

3.Traditional drafters need to be able to create several different line widths because ________.

different line widths convey different information the line width has to do with how dark it appear in the finished drawing they seem to transmit better in a fax machine it makes no difference

4.Several of the tools used in traditional drafting include the following:

Parallel straight edge 45 degree triangle Circle template All of the above

5.A civil engineer working on a bridge design would probably rely on his ________ scale for checking printed drawings.

engineer's metric architect's none of the above